THE PANGLONG AGREEMENT, 1947 A conference having been held at Panglong, attended by certain Members of the Executive Council of the Governor of Burma, all Saohpas and representative of the Shan States, the Kachin Hills and the Chin Hills:The Members of the conference, believing that freedom will be more speedily achieved by the Shans, the Kachins and the Chins by their immediate co-operation with the Interim Burmese Government: A Representative of the Hill Peoples, selected by the Governor on the recommendation of representatives of the Supreme Council of the United Hill Peoples (SCOUHP), shall be appointed a Counsellor for Frontier Areas shall be given executive authority by similar means. The said Counsellor shall also be appointed a Member of the Governor's Executive Council, without portfolio, and the subject of Frontier Areas brought within the purview of the Executive Council by Constitutional Convention as in the case of Defence and External Affairs. The Counsellor for Frontier Areas shall be given executive authority by similar means.The said Counsellor shall be assisted by two Deputy Counsellors representing races of which he is not a member. While the two Deputy Counsellors should deal in the first instance with the affairs of their respective areas and the Counsellor with all the remaining parts of the Frontier Areas, they should by Constitutional Convention act on the principle of joint responsibility. While the Counsellor, in his capacity of Member of the Executive Council, will be the only representative of the Frontier Areas on the Council, the Deputy Counsellors shall be entitled to attend meetings of the Council when subjects pertaining to the Frontier Areas are discussed. Though the Governor's Executive Council will be augmented as agreed above, it will not operate in respect of the Frontier Areas in any manner which would deprive any portion of those Areas of the autonomy which it now enjoys in internal administration. Full autonomy in internal administration for the Frontier Areas is accepted in principle. Though the question of demarcating and establishing a separated Kachin State within a Unified Burma is one which must be relegated for decision by the Constituent Assembly, it is agreed that such a State is desirable. As a first step towards this end, the Counsellor for Frontier Areas and the Deputy Counsellors shall be consulted in the administration of such areas in the Myitkyina and the Bhamo Districts as are Part II Scheduled Areas under the Government of Burma Act of 1935. Citizens of the Frontier Areas shall enjoy rights and privileges which are regarded as fundamental in democratic countries.The arrangements accepted in this Agreement are without prejudice to the financial autonomy now vested in the Federated Shan States.
The arrangements accepted in this Agreement are without prejudice to the financial assistance which the Kachin Hills and the Union Hills are entitled to receive from the revenues of Burma, and the Exeutive Council will examine with the Frontier Areas Counsellor and Deputy Counsellors the feasibility of adopting for the Kachin Hills and the Chin Hills financial arrangement similar to those between Burma and the Federated Shan States. Shan Committee. ------ Kachin Committee.-- ---- Burmese Government.(Signed) Saohpalong of Tawngpeng State. (Signed) (Sinwa Naw, Myitkyina) (Signed) (Aung San) (Signed) Saohpalong of Yawnghwe State. (Signed) (Zau Rip, Myitkyina) (Signed) Saohpalong of North Hsenwi State. (Signed) (Dinra Tang, Myitkyina) (Signed) Saohpalong of Laihka State. (Signed) (Zau La, Bhamo) (Signed) Saohpalong of Mong Pawn State. (Signed) (Zau Lawn, Bhamo) (Signed) Saohpalong of Hsamonghkam State. (Signed) (Labang Grong, Bhamo) (Signed) Representative of Hsahtung Saohpalong. (Hkun Pung) (Signed) (U Tin E) (Signed) (U Htun Myint) Chin Committee (Signed) (U Kya Bu) (Signed) (Hkun Saw) (Signed) (U Hlur Hmung, Falam) (Signed) (Sao Yape Hpa) (Signed) (Hkun Htee) (Signed) (U Thawng Za Khup, Tiddim) (Signed) (U Kio Mang, Haka)
Ngeisawk thu
Rhododendrons "ngeisawk" are evergreen creeping to mounding dwarf shrub, erect, growing up 80 ft. high. They have large, paddle-shaped leaves and large, bell- or funnel-shaped flowers borne in terminal trusses. The flowers are in red sometimes white or combinations color, tubular companulate, scarlet to crimson, and fleshy. No further studies have been made regarding this species but it is believed to possess some medicinal properties and physicochemical properties which can be extracted for commercial purposes. But according to the locals the plant's bark and roots are used as antidotes in poisonous bites. Rhododendrons are endemic in Chin Hills.
Vaphual Thu
Great Indian Hornbills are regarded as national bird by Chin people. They have a long, heavy bills with a light, hollow casque on the upper mandible. The bill is yellow and curved downward. The body is covered with black feathers. The tail which is a white bans of black feathers across can reach up to 3 feet. The neck of Great Indian Hornbill is surrounded with circles of furs. They have short and short legs and broad feet. Their flight is often noisy as air rushes through the bases of the flight feathers which are not covered with stiff coverts. These hornbills are found on sea level up to 5000 feet above the ground. Their distribution ranges from India and Southeastern Asia to Sumatra. This species of hornbill mainly rely on fruits as source of food. The Hornbills swallow their food whole instead of breaking it down first. They inhabit the canopy of tall tress and moist deciduous forests.One of the distinct characteristics of this bird is the male and female are mated for life. This bird is loyal to their partners even to death. It has been told by local elders if either one of the male or female was killed, the remaining one also dies soon. The clutch size is about 2-4 white eggs. The incubation period is about 28-40 days and 4-8 weeks for the young hornbills to mature. During the maturation period, the mother remains with the offspring and the male takes care of the female and the offspring during the incubation period and maturation period. They return to the same nest-site year after year. This bird can be considered as the pride of Chin Hills not only because they are beautiful but because of their loyalty to their partners and companionship to each others. But it is so sad that they are slowly disappearing in Chin Hills.
They have been hunted for their meat and for medicinal purposes. The main cause of their extinction is deforestation, tall trees are cut down for commercial timber, for fire woods, and sadly to get the orchids which are primarily found in tall trees. It is no wonder that the next generation of Chin people will only be able to see their national bird at the Zoo..In order to bring back these birds it will takes years and years of reforestations which I believe is one of the hardest thing to do in Chin Hills.
Pu VumSon laiat
Pu Ngaih Lian: Nong thu dot dawn ding haksa mah mah hi. Ken ka gen sa sa bang mah in, Politics khawng ka bawl pen, kua nam min, kua minam cih ngaih sut na mahmah, ka lung sung ah om ngei lo hi. Zomi cih ciang, kei ngaih sut na ah Asho, Masho, Sho, Lai, Matu, Mara, Zo, Laizo, Mizo, Bawmzo, Zotung, Zophei, Kuki, a vekpi in pa khin hi hang. Kei pen kei ma ii, lungkim na toh hobby cih bangin, na sem ka hi hi. Kei pen kua mah in, hong lampi in lah hong ci ngei kei, ki tel na ah lut ngei keng. Lai khawng ka at te zong, en le teh kuamah, langpan, kuamah, phat tuam na ding in at ngei lo hi ing.(Kawl te simloh) Sizang mi hi ing, Tedim mi hi ing, Falam mi hi ing ci in at ngei lo hi ing. Falam te akhua ah om leng nuam hi cih bek at ngei hi ing.Lampi, makaih na zong nei ngei lo hi ing. Tengatna in, CNF te ki pat lai in, thau tawi kei un, thau na tawi uh leh, Kawl te in ih Zogam hong sia sak ding hi. Ih minam te thuak ding hi hang ci in gen gen na pi in, hong ki pan ve ve hi. Hong ki pat ciang, kei pen Karenni te camp, Karen te camp khawng tung ngei om pih ngei ka hih ciangin, huh theih na ka neih ciang ka huh zel hi. Tua lai ah zong Sizang mi ka hih hang hi lo, Falam mi ka hih hang hi lo, ei mi a hih man in, ka huh hi. Tu a Human Rights Organization cih te zong bawl un ka cih ciangin, ki pan hi ci in ngaih sun ing. Tua bang ka huh hang in, CNF te hong goltol pian ciangin, kei mah mah in, a khialh na te pulak in, tu banghuna hong ki niam khiak kik na zong nanghang hi kua mah in nong cih lo uh hang, kei ma leh kei mah ka ki pak ta hi. Hi pen CNF lampi te Haka mi, Thantlang mi a hih hang hi lo leh, kei Sizangmi ka hih hang hi lo in, Zo mi ka hih na toh ka bawl hi. Ih mipih te gim thuak ding ka utloh man hi. Pawl khat in, Salai Kipp te, Tongseal te pawl bangin, kei pen hai mah mah hong sa uh hi. Ahih hang ken ka gen nop teng gen ding, ka bawl nop teng gen ding, nang in hong muang kei nong cih hang kei hoih ka sak teng a bawl ve ve ding hi ing.
Kawl politics ah zong Kawl te in Daw Aung San Suu Kyi pen, a hoih loh na, gen lo ding ci den hi. Kei in pen, a hoih lo na te ka gen zel hi. A hoih na te zong ka gen zel hi. Kei pen nang ngaih sun banga, lampi muan huai ding in hong ngaih sun kei in. Tu lai tak banga, Kawl gam sung haksat na pen Kawl galkap te hoih lo na bek hi lo in, ASSK hangin zongh hi hi, a ci nuam ka hi a, tua zong Kawl te kiangah ka ci hi. ZO Re-Unification Organization sungah, a lut cih zong hi lo in, a ki hel hi mawk ing. Kua nammin toh cih bang a a lut hi kha het lo hi ing. Kua minam peuh mah ii taang a, a lut hi lo hi ing. Kei ma min toh bek in, a lut ka hi hi. A hih hang Zomi te maw, Laimi te maw, Asho te maw, Tedim te maw, Thado te maw, adang mi nam te siat na bawl ding peuh mah ka lung sung ah lut ngei lo hi. Thu hoih a gen te ka panpih a, thu hoih lo a gen te ka langpan hi.
Tu nung na laiat zong khat vei ka ngaih sut ciang, mi hoih lo hi teh hong ci nuam hi tek ci in mu ing. A hih hang nang pen hong thei ngei lo ka hih ciang, nang toh ki tot ding kul sa lo hi ing. Ngaih Lian in hi zah a Sizang mi a muh dah na pen Sizang te khial na om hi in teh ka ci hi. Ka ngaih sut kik ciang, Mangpau a Lian Uk te khawng toh ka ki sel sel na te sim ngei kha lo hi ding ahih teh, hi Zo min zat na ding a ki thu kim na uh gen leng bang cih a ngaih sun tam cih na toh Champhai a a ki lungkim na uh konggen hi. Thu a tel khial na khat om in teh ka ci hi.
Tua hangin, Zo thu pian na gen leng hoih zaw in teh cih na toh, Champhai a, ih mi te ki hop na kong gen hi. Zomi zangh ngei lo nong cih pen zongh a man mah hi. A hi hangin, Sangmang Hau Go te ii a mau Baptist te thu kim na toh a bawl uh Zomi Baptist Convention bang te lungkim na toh ki bawl sa na te pen, langpan lo in, a kip na ding thupi ka sa hi.Mang pau na sim theih a leh, First World Zo Convention a, a Declaration uh kong khak ding hi. Mangpau na siam kei leh Zopau in kong phen ding a kong khak ding hi. Kamphen pen tawm vei zekai kha ding hi.
laiatvumson
No comments:
Post a Comment